Maritime low Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Maritime low - Essay Example This means that in order for there to be grounds or justification for a salvage operation, or effort, it is imperative that a vessel be identified as confronting imminent pr potential peril. The danger, or peril, referred to here implies the actual, imminent or potential confrontation of conditions which would, or already have, exposed the vessel to the threat of loss, destruction or deterioration. Not only that but, for salvage to be justified, the vessel in question cannot have the situation under control. Quite simply stated, if the supposedly endangered vessel has threat under control, then there are no grounds for salvage. Hence, salvage is predicated on the presence of a risk to all that which is on board the vessel. As pertains to the concept of danger, it is necessary to highlight the importance of English case law as regards its precise meaning and implications. This is because, even though the Merchant Shipping Act, 1995, sections 224 and schedule 111 have ratified the Salvage Convention, 1989 and, in so doing, conceded t its supremacy, the fact is that many terms remain undefined in the mentioned convention. Among these terms is that of danger which, although mentioned in Article 1(a) of the Convention is not defined by it. Precisely because of this, case law emerges as important. In the matter of Sem... In this instance, it is apparent that the term, as used in the context of the law of salvage, is encompasses varying degrees of threat/peril. The identification of the degree of danger which a vessel was confronting, or could probably confront prior to the salvage effort is, as outlined in Semco Salvage & Marine Pte. Ltd. v. Lancer Navigationessential for the determination of he amount of the salvage reward. Prior to defining the other components of the law of salvage, it is necessary to explain the precise nature of the services referred to. Under the law of salvage, and as Friedell (1979) explains, the referred to services are generally, and most commonly, towing services, as entails towing the imperiled vessel away from the endangering situation to safety. Apart from that, however, services further include any form of assistance rendered to an endangered vessel, including but not limited to, standing by the vessel until assistance arrives or moving persons on board the endangered vessel for the purpose of saving both life and maritime property (Friedell, 1979). Although the meaning of services is straightforward, it would be informative to turn to case law for determination of its precise implications. In the matter of Tavoulareas v Tsavliris & Ors [2003] EWHC 550 (Comm) (21 March 2003), the court reiterated the fact that within the context of salvage operations, services referred to any acts which were executed for the purpose of alleviating the danger confronting the vessel in question and, included both services which were contracted for and services which were not contracted for. In other words, services could be extended by any

Hawaii Weddings Essay Example for Free

Hawaii Weddings Essay Wedding Style in Hawaii Like most of the rest of the world weddings, in Hawaii symbolizes tradition and cultural elements in a colorful and beautiful place intended to bring fortune, luck and happiness to couples who are going to be for the rest of their lives together. Hawaiian brides, traditionally wear a Hawaiian dress called holoku. A holoku is a wedding dress with flowers and in her hair as well. Men usually wear a white shirt, white pants and a colorful sash. Casual foot wear is permitted, unless if the wedding is inside a house, footwear may be avoided. Another Hawaiian symbol for wedding eremony is the leis. Leis are a traditional flower garlands worn around the neck. Two main leis made of fragrant flowers and green leaves are especially made for the groom and bride. These main leis represent the peoples relationship with nature as a traditional aspect. The brides lei have white Jasmine and the grooms lei have Lima. Also, both the mother-in-laws wear especially made leis which have an abundance of jasmine. The weddings are announced by three blows ofa conch shell in a consecutive manner. This conch shell represents the summoning of God to support the ceremony. Fireworks also are part of the weddings symbolizing the pushing of evil away. The performance of dance called pandango is required, its also performed in many weddings and its often called the money dance, encircling the couples with a strong of taped money. Cultures around the world has affected Hawaiian weddings as well, as one of the influences is the wedding cake. Hawaiian wedding cakes are usually made of wheat flour, symbolizing the beginning of a new relationship together. This relationship is further strengthened by sharing the knife for cake cutting and presenting the first slice to each other.

Definitions of Knowledge Essay -- Philosophy Papers

As Walker Percy explores the "dogfish" of perception and knowledge in his essay, "The Loss of the Creature," I wonder if he realizes how slippery and feisty the topic squirming on his desk is. Although anyone who has taken a guided tour will surely agree that the traditional tourist experience is necessarily divorced from that of a discoverer, the broad epistemological claims that Percy extracts from this scenario seem more complicated than Percy gives them credit, or space, for. When Percy suggests that an individual should aim to "extract the thing from the package," he insists that the individual seek out some solid bedrock beneath the surface of perception (519). In this statement, he implicitly calls the reader to believe that such bedrock exists and is accessible to humans, a controversial position in the postmodern world. By arguing that excavation towards a static and fixed "creature" is possible, Percy echoes the voice of Plato, who argues that humans should strive to know the essential "forms" lying beneath ephemeral existence. Plato and his mentor, Socrates, devised their theory of forms in large part to reconcile a constantly changing physical universe with the criterion of permanence inherent in the Greek definition of knowledge, an important problem for philosophers of the time, and still today. In other words, the Greeks, believing that only permanent and unchanging entities could truly be "known," needed a way to attain knowledge in light of a constantly changing natural world. With the forms, Plato provided a solution to this problem, saying that "beneath" the physical world a human perceives there exists a dimension of forms, or essences, which persist throughout time, independent of human perception but ... ...ans or dogfish. Like the physicist, they can benefit from recognizing elements of uncertainty inherent in the "creature." In a way, the postmodern knower is much like the man in Percy's essay, who takes the Grand Canyon bus tour as "an exercise in familiarity" (513). He intakes the same interpreted information as those who are on the level below him, yet he recognizes its limitations and understands what he sees all the more because of this awareness. Works Cited Heisenberg, Werner. Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science. New York: Harper & Row, 1958. Bartholomae, David and Anthony Petrosky, eds. Ways of Reading. 3rd Ed. New York: Bedford, 1995. Percy, Walker. "The Loss of the Creature." Bartholomae and Petrosky. 423-436. Tompkins, Jane. "'Indians:' Textualism, Morality and the Problem of History." Bartholomae and Petrosky. 584-601.

Huck Finn - Life on the raft vs land Essay -- essays research papers

In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, Huck lives in two different settings. One of the settings is on land with the widow and with his father and the other is on the river with Jim. There are many differences of living on land as opposed to living on the Mississippi River. On land, Huck has more rules to live by and he has to watch himself so as not to upset the widow or his father. On the river, Huck didn't have to worry about anything except people finding Jim. He also had to worry about the king and the duke for a while. Even thought there are many differences of the two living styles, there are also some similarities. Life on land was filled with many difficulties. There were many rules that Huck had to follow set by both the widow and his father. The widow’s main goal was to â€Å"civilize† Huck into a member of society. She expected Huck to go to school, wear clean clothes, sleep in his bed, and go to church. She just wanted him to be like a normal child of his age. Even though Huck bends the rules a bit and tries to sneak a smoke here and there, he eventually grows to like living under the widow’s protection. He proves this point when he says, "Living in a house, and sleeping in a bed, pulled on me pretty tight, mostly, but before the cold weather I used to slide out and sleep in the woods, sometimes, and so that was a rest to me. I liked the old ways best, but I was getting so I liked the new ones, too, a littl...

Agiesm

Myths can be considered a common way for society as a whole to develop stereotypical Judgments upon the elderly community. Myths create negative attitudes that often create discrimination within society that enhances untruths about the elderly population. In order to see the myths that hinder society as a hole taking a look at what ageism Is is in fact beneficial to bring truth to the table. What Is ageism? Ageism Is a social attitude that has created myths wealth society that have endorsed society's stereotype of aging adults within communities.Myths are can be generated by many things such as demeaning comments passed on from person to person or by simply turning on the television and seeing negative adaptations of what life Is like as an elderly person. â€Å"Many social psychologists and gerontologists cite the media as a major source of negative stereotypes of the elderly' (Martin, 2007) (up. 141). Fear of growing old can generate the social attitudes seen in ageism that brings about negative behaviors to cloud people's Judgments and ultimately result In myths. Language is one of the most pervasive ways that ageism exists and persists In our society' (Wilkinson, Ferreira, & Nelson, 2004, up. 341-342). Terms used in daily conversations such as; old people, grumpy old men, they can't do it they are to old are all types of languages that support ageism in society today. Interventions and strategies with ageism are to educate the public on the rigorousness of discrimination and taunting language directed towards our aging adults.In today's societies many options are available for the elderly to seek refuge in these times of need. According to Martin (2007), † contrary to the common belief of many in the United States, most elderly individuals remain in their homes until death and are cared for by family members† (up. 142). In some situations a family member may move their aging relative or loved one into their homes to make it easier for them to m aintain constant care needed on a twenty- four hour basis. Retirement communities offer numerous accommodations that assist ND care for aging adults in a setting that creates an active lifestyle.Some communities offer clubs, crafts, physical health classes, cooking facilities, pools, beautiful landscapes to walk in and anything else that will empower yet keep a well balanced lifestyle. â€Å"Government subsidized senior housing can make housing costs more affordable for the elderly population, whether in the form of a subsidy provided directly to the elderly in form of tax credits, loans, or rental vouchers, or subsidies provided to the housing community, which passes on this discount to the enter† (Martin, 2007) (up. 143).Finally there is assisted living facilities (ODL) designed to accommodate individuals who need around the clock care and assistance. This option of residency is an apartment typesetting that is based around structured living. In an (ODL) environment there w ill be all types of assistance to various needs from the residence in the forms of eating, bathing, walking, exercising, getting dressed and even help with taking medications on time. Most (ODL) communities will have Can's (Certified Nursing Assistants) as well as on tie Urn's (Registered Nurses) that provide most of the assistance needed for care.

consequences of the Mongol inv essays

consequences of the Mongol inv essays What were the consequences of the Mongol invasion on Kievan Russia? The question about the consequences of the Mongol invasion is considered one of the most difficult in the history of Russia. Definitely, they had a great impact on demographics, agriculture, social, political and cultural development of the territories. Generally speaking, the influence of 200-year-long yoke was negative. It brought wholesale devastation and massacre to Russia. (Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, A History of Russia, 20) For instance, a Mongol chronicle states that Batu and his lieutenants destroyed the towns of the Russians and killed or captured all their inhabitants. As a result the serious diminish of the population acured after. Those people, who survived the tatar raids, in order to avoid the new routs, had to escape to the more secure territories- West and North-West of Volgo-Ocksk Mezhdureche. (Phroyanov, The History of Russia from Ancient Times Until Beginning of the XXc.) All these people didnt have any lands and were unable to pay dan. So they had to ask for help the gentry. As a result of it, slowly but surly the number of dependent feudal farmers increased. At the same time the standing of the gentry, especially the princes, changed. If before they received most of their profits from dan, kormlenie, and pol ude, now they cant use them anymore, everything must be given to Hord. Therefore, the only way for them to survive was to change their orientation to agriculture. That what actually happened: the huge increase in the number of large private land estates took place in the end of the XIII-XIVcc. The role of prince in the political sphere also increased. During the time of Kievan Russia, the Prince depended upon veche, which could even exile him. However, now they came to the cities with yarlick, or even with khans troops, which implies their increasing power. The imp...

Abortion misc2 essays

Abortion misc2 essays Abortion has been one the most controversial subjects in American history both socially and politically. Both sides have their points that they stand on. Though it looks like both sides will never come up with a solution to their problem it has split America in to two sides; pro - choice and pro - life. In January 22, 1973 U. S Supreme Court declared that a women had the " Fundamental Fight" to have an abortion, the ruling set off a vociferous and protracted battle marked by demonstrations and sloganeering, sit - ins and arrests. There included dozens of legal challenges that gave some victories in court. These rulings gave some comfort to the pro - life supporters to their defeat. In 1973 the rulings impose some restrictions on miners seeking abortions, usually requiring parental notification or consent. Nineteen states have imposed a mandatory waiting period for women seeking abortions, and all but 12 states oppose public funding for abortions. Opponents of abortion state the point that abortion is morally wrong and is also a form of murder. Meanwhile, pro - choice objected by saying it's the individuals choice of free will to do what they think is right. Pro - life brings up a point by saying what right do people have to aborting a fetus simply because it's the wrong sex. Another reason for abortions are unwanted pregnancies as well as the emotional instability of teenage girls in deciding how to handle an unplanned pregnancy. Rape is another reason for people to have abortion; pro-life simple say's it's not the feuds fault for what's happened. Simply if you can't bare raising a child because of rape, money problems, or commitment, just give the child up for adoption. Many who protect abortion are people of conscience. They know that their opposition to this procedure can not justify murdering those where medical practice includes ending unwanted pregnancies. A few however consider themselves r ...

Solicitar visa de turista a EE.UU. desde otro país

Solicitar visa de turista a EE.UU. desde otro paà ­s Si se desea  solicitar una visa de turista (paseo o placer) para los Estados Unidos en un paà ­s que no es el de residencia habitual se deben seguir una serie de reglas porque no siempre es posible. Esta  solicitud se conoce en inglà ©s como peticià ³n de Third Country Nationals o TCNs, por sus siglas en inglà ©s.   Cundo no se puede solicitar visa de turista en Mà ©xico, Canad o Bahamas Puede ocurrir que una persona extranjera se encuentre de visita en Mà ©xico, Canad o Bahamas y, debido a su proximidad, desee ingresar tambià ©n a EE.UU. y, si no tiene visa de turista, considere en pedirla en ese momento. Segà ºn las normas actuales, en los siguientes dos casos no pueden solicitar visa de turista para Estados Unidos en Mà ©xico, Canad o Bahamas las personas que no son  ciudadanas o residentes habituales de esos distritos cuando: En primer lugar, los solicitantes hubieran estado ilegalmente en algà ºn momento en los Estados Unidos. El caso ms frecuente es el de los extranjeros que no salieron dentro del plazo permitido provocando lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como overstay de la visa. Estas personas obligatoriamente deben solicitar la nueva visa en un consulado de los Estados Unidos en el paà ­s del que son nacionales o en el que residen habitualmente. En segundo lugar, todos los ciudadanos de los paà ­ses que Estados Unidos clasifica oficialmente como patrocinadores de terrorismo. En la actualidad, los paà ­ses incluidos en dicha lista son Corea del Norte, Irn, Sudn y Siria. Adems, debe tenerse en cuenta que en los casos en los que sà ­ se puede solicitar la visa es habitual que los consulados estadounidenses que se encuentran ubicados en las ciudades fronterizas de Mà ©xico con Estados Unidos y de Canad con EE.UU. no procesen, como regla general, las visas de turista para extranjeros que no son ni ciudadanos mexicanos ni residentes en ese paà ­s. Asimismo, dichos consulados ubicados a lo largo de la frontera tampoco tramitan habitualmente ninguna visa E si el solicitante no reside habitualmente en esa rea.  Hay diversos tipos de visas E, desde inmigrantes o las no inmigrantes de inversià ³n.   En los dems casos, se puede solicitar una visa de turista para Estados Unidos en cualquier embajada o consulado. En el caso de haber estado previamente como ilegal en Estados Unidos o de haber violado las condiciones de la visa, asegurarse primero de que es posible hacerlo en el consulado de eleccià ³n. Sin embargo,el que pueda solicitarse la visa en otro consulado no quiere decir que sea recomendable. Hay que evitar dar la impresià ³n de que se est buscando y comparando para decidirse por el consulado que podrà ­a juzgarse como ms permisivo a la hora de aprobar una visa. Esta prctica es lo que se conoce en inglà ©s con el nombre de consulate shopping. Adems, por motivos prcticos puede ser ms difà ­cil en estos casos de solicitudes presentadas fuera del paà ­s de residencia habitual acreditar lazos familiares y econà ³micos fuertes en el paà ­s en el que se reside, que es un requisito fundamental para sacar la visa de turista. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que aunque sà ­ que es cierto que los porcentajes de aprobacià ³n de la visa son diferentes por paà ­ses, no menos cierto es que la ley migratoria es la misma y se aplica por igual en todos los consulados de EE.UU. Cundo no es necesaria la visa de turista Los ciudadanos de 38 paà ­ses estn dispensados de solicitar la visa de turista si desean ingresar a Estados Unidos por un mximo de 90 dà ­as.   Este privilegio tambià ©n aplica, con carcter general, a las personas con doble nacionalidad y que tienen uno de esos pasaportes, aunque residan habitualmente en un paà ­s que sà ­ necesita visa.   Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que lo que no se puede hacer es intentar utilizar uno de esos pasaportes que no requieren visa, como por ejemplo el italiano, el espaà ±ol o el chileno, cuando ya se ha tenido previamente una negacià ³n de visa con el otro pasaporte, como por ejemplo el argentino, el venezolano, etc. Puntos Clave: solicitar visa turista para EE.UU. desde paà ­s en el que no se reside habitualmente Las peticiones de una visa de turista para EE.UU. en un paà ­s diferente al de residencia habitual o al de la propia nacionalidad siguen unas reglas que se conocen como Third Country Nationals.Estas son las reglas que aplican a Mà ©xico, Canad y Bahamas paà ­ses que, por su proximidad geogrfica a los Estados Unidos, son de interà ©s para los potenciales solicitantes de visa.No pueden solicitar visa de turista en Mà ©xico, Canad o Bahamas los ciudadanos de terceros paà ­ses que previamente han estado en EE.UU. en situacià ³n de ilegalidad o que violaron las condiciones de sus visas.Tampoco pueden solicitarlas ls personas con pasaportes de paà ­ses declarados como patrocinadores de terrorismo: Irn, Corea del Norte, Siria y Sudn.Aà ºn en los casos en los que se puede solicitar la visa de turista, los consulados americanos a lo largo de la frontera entre Mà ©xico y EE.UU. y Canad y EE.UU. solamente tramitan las solicitudes de los residentes en su distrito.Aà ºn en los casos en los que est permitido sin ninguna restriccià ³n pedir la visa de turista en otro paà ­s, por ejemplo, un argentino en Colombia, debe evitarse dar la impresià ³n de estar haciendo lo que se conoce como consulate shopping.Los requisitos para obtener la visa americana son los mismos en todos los consulados y embajadas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

People of Europe v.s. Napoleon Bonaparte Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

People of Europe v.s. Napoleon Bonaparte - Essay Example The reason behind such an exile to the island of St. Helena instead of Elba has been the fear of his return to the continent again. It is essential to remember that it was the dissatisfaction of the French people about the rule by the alliance of the Great Powers which helped the return of Napoleon to the land and it is essential to regard the interest of the people of France regarding the current decision to expel him to the island of St. Helena. In other words, it is unjustifiable to expel Napoleon Bonaparte the island of St. Helena against the interests of the French people who made the way for his return to France from the exile to Elba. "Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba, where he was sovereign ruler for 10 months. But as the alliance of the Great Powers broke down during the Congress of Vienna and the French people became dissatisfied with the restored royalists, Napoleon made plans to return to power. Sailing from Elba on February 26, 1815, with 1,050 soldiers, Napoleo n landed in southern France and marched unopposed to Paris, where he reinstated himself on March 21." (Biographical Sketch: Napoleon Bonaparte).

Rhetorical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Rhetorical - Essay Example The rhetorical element of logos was effectively used in terms of providing facts and legal information that assisted in understanding the course of events. Initially, the controversy stemmed from the allegation of Kasem’s death being apparently put on the hands of his daughter, Kerri Kasem. The wife of Casey of 34 years, Jean, reportedly was so infuriated that a Los Angeles Judge â€Å"ruled that Casey Kasem’s daughter, Kerri Kasem, could suspend the artificial delivery of food and water to Casey due to his grave suffering† (Mayoras and Mayoras 1). Jean was cited to have alleged that Casey merely wanted to hasten the death of his father in order to cash in an insurance policy. A legal document, a health care directive, was reportedly signed by Casey in 2007, entrusting his daughter to make the end of life decision, when needed. As disclosed â€Å"Casey did not want to be kept alive if it ‘would result in a mere biological existence, devoid of cognitive fun ction, with no reasonable hope for normal functioning’† (Mayoras and Mayoras 2). These facts were instrumental in providing logical appeal and assisted the readers in understanding the veracity of the arguments. Concurrently, the authors also used pathos, or emotional appeal, as a means to sustain readers’ interest on the subject. The authors used adjectives that touch on the emotions of the readers. For instance, they indicated that â€Å"this is a sad story, with what certainly appears to be a tragic ending. No one knows how long Casey could have lived, or how much enjoyment he could have had during the rest of his life, if he had remained in the nursing home† (Mayoras and Mayoras 2). Likewise, the issue on finding out who really was to blame on the reportedly fast deteriorating condition of Casey was pinpointed to his wife, to wit: â€Å"while Jean obviously blames Kerri for this, it was Jean’s recent actions that

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 13

Sociology - Essay Example Culture defines the development of relationships between suppliers and customers as well the development of a marketing plan and objectives. The definition of organizational culture is diverse but the focus of the whole organization. Organization culture is defined as â€Å"the values and behaviors that influence the unique social and psychological environment of the organization†. Most organizations operate in a known and established pattern that is known to the long serving workers. Chanel 5 is product from Parisian couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel. It is a French company with global reputation. The company has managed to develop its organization structure and culture over the years of operation leading to creation of organization culture and tradition. The company will be described simply as Chanel as it is widely known. The organization structure of the company has evolved changing its culture and traditions. The success in the development of a unique social and psychological environment is tied to the guiding principles developed by the management. Organizational culture depends on both the past, current ass umptions, philosophy, experience and values. The culture is expressed in its inner image, inner workings, interaction with the outside environment, and future expectation. The basics of the culture are dependent on the beliefs customs attitudes, express and implied contracts, written and unwritten rules that the organization develops over time. It is the way the organization conducts business, treats employees, clients and the community. For Chanel, the culture and focus of the company was determined by traditional market which targeted the women in the society. Fragrance worn by women had two basic categories which have been entrenched into the company culture namely respectable women and sexually provocative fragrance for prostitute. This culture of production via values has been entrenched into

Carnival Cruise Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Carnival Cruise - Case Study Example The company currently has 21 ships in active service, with one more under construction. On a trivial note, all of their ships have names ending in "of the Seas". The company also operates the well-known Celebrity Cruises line, Pullmantur Cruises, and Azamara Cruises among others. They are famous for building the largest cruise ships in the world, highlighted by their Freedom and upcoming Genesis class of ships. The Freedom of the Seas is currently the world's largest cruise ship in operation, accommodating over 4,300 passengers and 1,300 crew. Royal Caribbean offers a comprehensive line of activities which augment the entire cruise experience. These include rock climbing, ice-skating shows, and a specially built "Flowrider", a wave simulator where one can learn to surf. There is also an on-board casino, several bars and lounges, a 400-foot mall, and even scuba diving to boot. A sample itinerary for a trip to the Caribbean would include climbing Jamaica's Dunn's River Falls, mountain biking in Costa Rica's rain forests, snorkeling with stingrays, horseback riding on the beaches of St. Thomas, diving 800 feet below see level to a research submarine, exploring the Hato Caves in Curacao, and exploring Mayan ruins. The company's biggest strength is that it has a tremendous marketing arm, and it is very effective in leveraging off the publicity it gains with its high-profile cruise ships. Even the construction of "Freedom of the Seas" was featured on the Discovery Channel. This attests to their very effective strategies in increasing overall market share through word of mouth and mass media. The cruise's main weakness is that if you are a person who likes privacy, it is not exactly the best choice. Its cruise ships are the largest in the world, and it is teeming with people. If one would like a nice, relaxing time by the pool, this is most likely a remote possibility as many others would most likely be doing the same. Its clientele and target market include upper middle to high net worth individuals. It is considered very expensive by some quarters. Their clientele has an average age of 42, 7 years younger than the industry average. Another major player in the cruise ship industry is Star Cruises. It is the third-largest cruise line in the world behind Carnival Cruises and Royal Caribbean. It dominates the Asia-Pacific Market with a combined fleet of 22 ships and over 35,000 berths, and is credited as the primary catalyst for the industry in the region. The cruise line was founded in 1993 under the Genting Group of Malaysia, with its corporate headquarters in Hong Kong. In 2000 it acquired Norwegian Cruise Line, and became the first global cruise line in the process It had a net revenue of $337 million in 2007, up 15.4 % from the previous year Activities onboard include a multi-million dollar production show, superstar musicians for entertainment, and a murder mystery game. For further entertainment and leisure there is also a golf driving range, a jet current exercise pool, a basketball court, a wine shop, a card room, and

The Efficacy of Direct Mail Marketing and Internet Marketing Research Paper

The Efficacy of Direct Mail Marketing and Internet Marketing - Research Paper Example In this scenario, organizations can use different tools and techniques to advertise their products and services. However, this paper will discuss two well known marketing techniques. First is direct mail marketing and second is internet (email) marketing. The basic aim of this research is to compare these two techniques and suggest best among them. So this research will be a comparative study of both marketing techniques. Methods/Framework We will conduct a research to discuss direct mail marketing and internet marketing: Direct Mail Marketing Direct mail marketing is a marketing technique in which a retailer transmits marketing and promotion material or information directly to the customer. Additionally, direct mail marketing allows organizations to enjoy full authority over the management of their business communications. In addition, direct mail marketing consists of several marketing techniques. However, in order to become flourishing in the field of direct marketing, organizatio ns will require using a number of these competent techniques. These techniques are either utilized in grouping form, or as substitute marketing practices and these techniques depend upon the followings aspects: (Systematic Direct Marketing, 2011; SmallBusinessNotes, 2011)

Carnival Cruise Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Carnival Cruise - Case Study Example The company currently has 21 ships in active service, with one more under construction. On a trivial note, all of their ships have names ending in "of the Seas". The company also operates the well-known Celebrity Cruises line, Pullmantur Cruises, and Azamara Cruises among others. They are famous for building the largest cruise ships in the world, highlighted by their Freedom and upcoming Genesis class of ships. The Freedom of the Seas is currently the world's largest cruise ship in operation, accommodating over 4,300 passengers and 1,300 crew. Royal Caribbean offers a comprehensive line of activities which augment the entire cruise experience. These include rock climbing, ice-skating shows, and a specially built "Flowrider", a wave simulator where one can learn to surf. There is also an on-board casino, several bars and lounges, a 400-foot mall, and even scuba diving to boot. A sample itinerary for a trip to the Caribbean would include climbing Jamaica's Dunn's River Falls, mountain biking in Costa Rica's rain forests, snorkeling with stingrays, horseback riding on the beaches of St. Thomas, diving 800 feet below see level to a research submarine, exploring the Hato Caves in Curacao, and exploring Mayan ruins. The company's biggest strength is that it has a tremendous marketing arm, and it is very effective in leveraging off the publicity it gains with its high-profile cruise ships. Even the construction of "Freedom of the Seas" was featured on the Discovery Channel. This attests to their very effective strategies in increasing overall market share through word of mouth and mass media. The cruise's main weakness is that if you are a person who likes privacy, it is not exactly the best choice. Its cruise ships are the largest in the world, and it is teeming with people. If one would like a nice, relaxing time by the pool, this is most likely a remote possibility as many others would most likely be doing the same. Its clientele and target market include upper middle to high net worth individuals. It is considered very expensive by some quarters. Their clientele has an average age of 42, 7 years younger than the industry average. Another major player in the cruise ship industry is Star Cruises. It is the third-largest cruise line in the world behind Carnival Cruises and Royal Caribbean. It dominates the Asia-Pacific Market with a combined fleet of 22 ships and over 35,000 berths, and is credited as the primary catalyst for the industry in the region. The cruise line was founded in 1993 under the Genting Group of Malaysia, with its corporate headquarters in Hong Kong. In 2000 it acquired Norwegian Cruise Line, and became the first global cruise line in the process It had a net revenue of $337 million in 2007, up 15.4 % from the previous year Activities onboard include a multi-million dollar production show, superstar musicians for entertainment, and a murder mystery game. For further entertainment and leisure there is also a golf driving range, a jet current exercise pool, a basketball court, a wine shop, a card room, and

Community Career Interview Activity Research Paper

Community Career Interview Activity - Research Paper Example The interview takes place at the community center on 15th May 2012 at 5 pm. This paper describes the interview process; dealing with the new information gained that is useful in a professional setting, as well as the course. No difficulties were experienced in the conduct of the interview; this is with regard to finding the venue, locating the interviewee, as well as gaining answers. Immense new knowledge was acquired through the interview, which is applicable in the professional sense. However, the program is also instrumental in showing the effects of drug abuse; hence preventing persons from experimenting with drugs. The center manager highlighted some of the critical elements regarding the organization, its services and its overall importance to the community. The organization provides quality prevention, correctional, and intervention programs for persons suffering from drug addiction. The organization is a meeting point for drug addicts and addiction specialists. The organization centers on affording intervention and rehabilitation services to drug addicts within the community. It also serves as a link between drug addicts and government-based treatment centers that run inpatient programs through support groups for persons addicted to alcohol, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and other drugs (Siegel, 2005). The drug rehabilitation program run by the community center helps the area residents in many ways. This information is quite important as it ensures others gain knowledge of the problem of addiction and how addicts can obtain assistance. Firstly, the program provides necessary treatment for drug addicts in the community, allowing for the rehabilitation of such persons (Siegel, 2005). Through joint efforts with the government, the program provides employment opportunities to rehabilitated drug addicts.

Flags of Our Fathers Essay Example for Free

Flags of Our Fathers Essay Context: Flags of our Fathers was a bit of change for Eastwood. The movie is about the famous photograph of the raising of the flag on Iwo Jima by soldiers. Eastwood wanted to show war at its most brutal and that is what he created. Audience: People who like war or action movies and who are interested in war. Mostly for young adults and above. Purpose: The purpose of this film is to entertain the audience. Brief synopsis of text: Flags of our Fathers is about 3 soldiers who raised the U. S. flag on Iwo Jima along with 3 other soldiers who recently died in battle. So the 3 soldiers were taken out of battle and sent back to the U.S. and were classed as heroes because of the most famous image of the raising of the U.S. flag in Iwo Jima and the government made them as heroes to the public to promote selling war bonds. But the 3 soldiers didnt believe they were heroes at all. Ideas relevant to Journeys: In Flags of our Fathers, the 3 men who were taken out of battle and were known as heroes by the public and the government used them to promote war bonds did not regard themselves as heroes. They didnt believe to be heroes but the public did. This shows from the publics imaginative journeys is that they are thinking of how these men, who are known as heroes to survive such a brutal battle and to be in the most famous photograph in U.S. history. The photograph that they show isnt them in the image, they were the soldiers who placed the replacement flag on top of the mountain. But no one knows that. In the first scene or at the beginning of the film, we see a soldier running through a battlefield that has been torn to pieces and keeps hearing a voice. He looks around everywhere to see where this voice is coming from. Then the camera zooms in on the soldiers face and suddenly it was just a dream. The effect of the close-up shot of his face creates a feeling of being involved and the man was afraid of something. We are then taken to a scene where a old age person has woken up to his dream and is sweating and shaking just like if you had a nightmare. This is related to imaginative journeys because the man is having a dream of the past where he was at war. He is remembering and reflecting on the time he was at war and gets woken up by it. In his dream he was afraid, when he woke up from his dream he was sweating and shaking. A dream is a journey through the mind. The lighting of this scene creates a wiry and dark feeling to the viewers who see a lone soldier looking through a torned battlefield hearing a voice in the distance. This is creating suspense through the use of colours and shadows and gets the viewer imagining what is going to happen next. Suddenly we hear a loud sound which was probably a gun been fired and then we are taken to a scene where an old man is woken up. We now notice it was a dream. The man still thinks about upon this day. So the viewers are now imagining what had happened on that day. Was the man wounded or did a person who we couldnt see got shot. We never know until we see what happens in the film. This creates suspense in the audience. Techniques used to present relevant ideas: 1. Use of suspense to keep the audience entertain throughout the film. From the first scene the viewers had no idea it was a dream until they see the old man waking up from that particular dream, sweating and shaking. The scene creates suspense to get the viewers thinking and imagining what is going to happen next which is based on imaginative journeys because the audience is thinking beyond what has happened to the man at that particular time of that dream we saw. 2. The use of lighting in the first scene was very dull and dark. It created a wiry looking scene of a torn battlefield with a lone soldier walking around. We hear voices in the distance which creates more suspense. Dark lighting from this scene can represent an old memory which should have been forgotten at the time the man had the dream. 3. Use of dramatic irony is also used in this film which is something that the audience knows but the characters dont know of. But in this film, its the other way round, the lone soldier in the beginning scene knows what is happening and is afraid but the audience doesnt know whats happening. All we know of is that it was a dream from his past memories. As I said, it creates suspense to keep the audience entertain throughout the film and this is based on imaginative journeys because we have witnessed a scene where is was a dream and a journey through the mind of past memories. Links to set text in terms of ideas and techniques: Flags of our Fathers can be linked with Othello by the use of some of the techniques used in the film such as dramatic irony. In Othello we know that Iago has planned to get Othello thinking that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. The audience knows already what is happening but Othello doesnt know that Iago is planning something. From the film, it is the other way round where the lone soldier in the scene knows what is having but the audience is kept in suspense and have to find out later what happens to him from that particular scene which was a journey through the mind or a dream. In Othello the audience is kept in suspense when Iago keeps his plan going well by telling Othello that Desdemona is with Cassio. The audience doesnt know what is going to happen next same as in the scene of the dream in Flags of our Fathers. In the film the audience is kept in suspense from the very first scene where the lone soldier is walking through a torned battlefield and we see he is afraid. Then we are taken to a scene where an old man has woken from this dream. We are then kept in suspense by this scene because the audience wants to know what happens next and they stay and watch the film to see what has happened after he had woken up from his memory of the war. Both Othello and Flags of our Fathers display both suspense and irony to keep their audience entertained and kept in suspense through the use of lighting, irony and imaginative journeys. The audience imagine in their minds what is going to happen next. In mostly all plays and films, everyone in the audience wants to know what will happen next and will stay to watch to see what happens. If there was no suspense or irony, it would be pointless to stay and watch because the audience would know what has happened. Without imagining, we dont know anything. So both of these texts display imaginative journeys.

Treatment Research for Multiple Myeloma (MM)

Treatment Research for Multiple Myeloma (MM) ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological neoplasm that appears after transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells. MM is characterized by a heterogeneous genetic aberrations and very different clinical outcomes (Avet-Loiseau, . Boyd KD). Although treatments for MM have increased by develop new and more sophisticated therapeutics drugs such an immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs)( Shaji K. Kumar, Raghupathy, Antonio Palumbo) the marked variability of responses indicate that larger studies will be required. Currently, identification of cytogenetic abnormalities is performed by conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, these disorders are not sufficient to explain the malignant phenotype given that are also observed in premalignant states of MM such a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) or smoldering myeloma(SM)(Bergsagel, Hideshima). This finding justifies the need for a comprehensive screening of genetic abnormalities in MM patients, which has not been incorporated in the medical workup yet. Recently, the introduction of massive sequencing of patient genome using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has considerably increased the understanding of the biological features of MM. Many works have described the complex and heterogeneous mutational profile of MM patients(bolli nuevo, walker). Whole Exome Sequency (WES) studies in newly diagnosis MM patients have confirmed that more than 50 genes are mutated in the first manifestation of disease (walker). However, only few genes have been detected recurrently mutated at diagnosis, including KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, DIS3, TP53 and FAM46C, and only TP53 mutations have been recurentelly associated with poor survival. In addition, other studies have assessed the clonal evolution over time, pointing out that systemic treatment with chemotherapy may affect the livelihood of some subclones more than others, and thus may influence the tumor evolution over time(Egan JB, bolli, Keats JJ, ) The introduction of targeted studies allows the detection of mutations even with very low allele frequencies at an affordable price, allowing the incorporation of extensive genetic studies to the clinical workup. In the last years, several groups have applied this approach in order to achieve a better patients stratification and prognosis prediction. Although many studies have highlighted the importance of the subclonal landscape in MM and many efforts have been undertaken to stratify patients and predicts their responses, there is no clear relation between sensitives or refractories clones to treatment, and more information about the prognostic impact of this subclonal profile in series of homogeneously treated MM patients is needed. A large number of clinical trial are being carried out with this aim, unify treatments in order to study more effectively the impact of genetic alterations in prognosis. In this work, newly diagnosis MM patient homogenously treated have been genetically characterized using a combination of the most recent techniques, including FISH and ultra-deep targeted sequencing. We applied the highest read depth described in the literature with the aim to detect minority subclones ignored to date. We also integrated these data with the clinical features to find out new patterns of behavior, relate them with survival and reveal new insight into the complexity of clonal and subclonal architecture of MM. Patient samples Samples were taken from the available 79 newly diagnosed MM patient enrolled in the clinical trial GEM10MAS65 (registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01237249). This is a phase III trial where patients older than 65 years were randomly assigned between two treatments arms: sequential melphalan/prednisone/Velcade (MPV) followed by Revlimid/low dose dexamethasone (Rd) versus alternating melphalan/prednisone/Velcade (MPV) with Revlimid/low dose dexamethasone (Rd). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were measured from the starting date of the treatment. The median time to progression was 26.4 months with a median follow up of 31.5 months. Targeted sequencing and mutation calling Positive plasma cells CD138 were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and DNA was extracted using AllPrep DNA/RNA mini kit (Quiagen). Only 20 ng of DNA were used to prepare libraries using Ampliseq Library Kit 2.0. We also sequenced DNA from the 15 available CD138 negative fractions in order to filter out potential artifacts and corroborate detection sentivity. Samples were sequenced using Ion Torrent platform (IonProton, Thermofisher, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using the M3P gene panel (Mayo Clinic, Arizona). This panel spreads out over 77 genes frequently mutated in MM, which are related to critical pathophysiological pathways, associated to drug resistance or targetable with molecular drugs [paper mayo kortum etal]. Quality filter and alignments was performed using Torrent Suit software (Life Technologies) Single nucleotide variants were calling and annotated using Ion Reporter software applying in-house modifications in call variants process. Variants listed in Single Nucleotide Polimorph ism database (dbSNP, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/) were excluded from samples without germline available, as well as variants that were detected in multiple samples. In addition, to test the ability of the workflow previously described, we applied a novel bioinformatics pipeline developed by Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO). All reported mutations were detected by both bioinformatics approaches. The integrative genomic viewer (IGV) was used to visualize the read alignments, single variants and correct sequencing errors due to homopolymer regions. Statistical analysis All statistical analysis was performed using the statistical environment R. Correlation coefficients between mutated genes and cytogenetic aberrations was assessed and plotted using corrplot (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/corrplot/). Differences in survival were tested using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression was employed to obtain hazards ratios (HR) and evaluated at 5% of significance level. A second approach called LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) was performed to detect relevant variables among clinical, cytogenetic and mutated genes.   Further details can be found in Data Supplement. RESULTS Mutated genes and altered pathways (cambiar tà ­tulo) We sequenced 79 tumor samples with a mean coverage depth of 1600X. The minimum coverage of the detected variants was 60X and the average coverage 370X. We identified 170 nonsynonymous missense/nonsense/stoploss single variants, 81 of them (48%) were predicted pathogenic by Sift and Polyphen and 61 (36%)   have been described in COSMIC data base.   85% of patients harbored at least 1 mutation with a median of 2.1 mutations per patient. We detected mutations in 53 genes (Figure1), although 6 genes accounted the 39% of the total number of mutations; KRAS= 21.5%, DIS3= 19%, NRAS= 16.5%, BRAF= 10.1%, TP53= 8.8% and ATM= 7.6% of the patients.  Ã‚   48% of patients (38/79) presented at least one mutation in genes envolved in RAS/MAPK pathway, being the most frequently mutated pathway. 72 and 100% of variants in KRAS and NRAS respectively were detected in the hotspot codons 12, 13 and 61, and the targetable V600E BRAF mutation was detected in 1 patient. (Figure 2 supplemental?). NFKB p athway was the second most frequently mutated in our cohort, accounting for the 15% of all mutations distributed in 25 % of the patients (19/79). This pathway included TRAF3 (5 mutations, one nonsense and 4 missense) and TRAF2 (3 missense mutation) all of them predicted pathogenic by Sift and Polyphen. Other pathways importantly altered in the cohort were MYC in 11% of patients (9/79), cereblon and ciclyn both in 9% of patients (7/79). Multiple mutations within the same gene were observed in 11 patients: 4 of whom harbored 2 and 3 mutations within DIS3 (patient 1-24= Glu501Lys and Phe120Leu at 8 and 53 % of VRF, patient 2-236= Asp487His and Asp479Glu at 4 and 21 of VRF respectively, patient 3 321= Tyr753Asn and Glu126Lys at 2 and 58 % of VRF respectively and patient 4-42 = Arg820Trp, Gly249Glu and at 14, 20 and 24% of VRF respectively). Other 2 patients showed 2 and 3 mutation in KRAS (patient 5-168= Gly13Asp and Gln61His at 9 and 13 %of VRF and patient 6-269 = Tyr71Asp, UTR3 in exon 6 and Gln61Glu at 3, 15 and 37 % of VRF respectively; 2 patients with 2 mutation in NRAS(patient 7-177= .Gln61Lys   and Gly12Ala at 5 and 12% of VRF respectively and patient 8-257=   Gln61Glu   and Gly12Ala at 5 and 6% of VRF respectively), one patient with 3 mutations in MAX (patient 9-190= Arg36Lys , Arg35Leu and Glu32Val at 10, 20 and 26 %of VRF), one patient with 3 mutations in TRAF3 (patient 10-40 = Lys453Asn, His136Tyr   and Phe445Leu 8, 11 and1 3% of VRF) and one patient with 2 mutation in TP53 (patient 11-40 = Asp208Val   and Glu204Ter at 35 and 36% of VRF respectively). Variant Read Frequency study The VRF found in our cohort were diverse.   We detected 50% of variants (85/170) below 25% of VRF and 27% (46/170) below 10% (Figure 2). KRAS (n=5) DIS3 (n=5), BRAF (n=4), NRAS (n=4), and TP53 (n=3) were the genes that harbored the largest number of low frequency mutations (Figure 2). KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and TP53 mutations were, in all cases, lower than 50% of VRF while DIS3 showed mutations in a broad range (from 2 to 85%)(Fig3). ). Most of DIS3 mutations with VRF

Essay on Narcissism and Metadrama in Richard II -- Richard II Richard

Narcissism and Metadrama in Richard II  Ã‚  Ã‚      Over the last thirty years, Shakespeare criticism has demonstrated a growing awareness of the self-reflexive or metadramatic elements in his works. Lionel Abel’s 1963 study, Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form, provided perhaps the first significant analysis of the ways in which Shakespeare thematizes theatricality, in the broadest sense of the term, in his tragedies, comedies, and histories. In his discussion of Hamlet, he makes the observation—perhaps a bit commonplace and obvious to us thirty years later—that the famous â€Å"play within a play† is only the most blatant example of self-conscious technique found throughout the tragedy: once we begin to look closely, we notice that nearly â€Å"every important character acts at some moment like a playwright, employing a playwright’s consciousness of drama to impose a certain posture or attitude on another† (46). Elsewhere in his book, Abel argues implicitly that Shakespeare, though he often used metadramatic techniques more in the interest of developing character than creating â€Å"an event,† the way later playwrights do, nevertheless composed plays which â€Å"are theatre pieces about life seen as already theatricalized† (60). In making such statements, Abel laid the groundwork for a number of subsequent studies, from Thomas F. Van Laan’s Role-Playing in Shakespeare, which appeared in 1978, to Judd D. Hubert’s more recent Metatheatre: The Example of Shakespeare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics following Abel’s lead have been especially interested in Shakespeare’s second tetralogy. James L. Calderwood, for instance, reads the Henriad as Shakespeare’s reflection not only on a period of British history during which political authority, political â€Å"truth,... ...l. Metatheatre. New York: Hill and Wang, 1963. Calderwood, James L. Metadrama in Shakespeare’s Henriad. Berkeley: U of California P, 1979. Dean, Leonard F. â€Å"Richard II: The State and the Image of the Theatre.† PMLA 67 (1952): 211-18. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1983. Glasser, Marvin. â€Å"The Poet and the Royal Persona: Lyrical Structures in Shakespeare’s Second Tetralogy.† Modern Language Quarterly 50 (1989): 125-44. Hubert, Judd D. Metatheatre: The Example of Shakespeare. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1991. Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1977. Shakespeare, William. Richard II. Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. G. B. Harrison. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1948. 430-67. Van Laan, Thomas F. Role-Playing in Shakespeare. Buffalo: U of Toronto P, 1978.

William Blake :: essays research papers

WILLIAM BLAKE 1757-1827 William Blake was a British poet, painter, visionary mystic, and engraver, who illustrated and printed his own books. Born in 1757 he stayed in London nearly his whole life. He began a life of crafts at the age of ten he was sent to one of the best drawing schools in England, Henry Pars'. At the age of 14, he took up the art of engraving as an apprentice. His artwork was mostly based upon spiritual happenings due to visions he had of religious figures such as the Virgin Mary. In 1783 he married Catherine Boucher, the daughter of a market gardener. The Ghost of Samuel (1800) During his lifetime, Blake’s work received little attention. When his work was read over, most people who read his it decided that Blake was confused or mad. However he is now regarded as a great artist in the fullest sense. Blake's first book of poems, Poetical Sketches, appeared in 1783 and was followed by Songs of Innocence in 1789, and Songs of ExperienceE 1794. His most famous poem "The Tyger", was part of his Songs of Experience. In these works the world is seen from a child's point of view. Blake was always in a state of economic poverty, due to his inability to compete in the highly competitive field of engraving and his expensive invention that enabled him to design illustrations and print words at the same time. However, he was independent throughout his life and Blake left no debts at his death on August 12, 1827. He was buried in an unmarked grave at the public cemetery of Bunhill Fields in England. The Tyger Tyger! Tyger! Tyger! Burning bright In the forests of the night What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare seize the fire? And what shoulder, and what art,

History of the Democratic Party Essay

The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States. When this party makes political decisions, the Democratic Party followed a very liberal viewpoint. The Democratic Party is one of the oldest official political parties in the world and it is the oldest official political party in the United States. In 1792, Thomas Jefferson started the Democratic Party to oppose the Federalist Party to fight for the Bill of Rights. The Democratic Party was called the party of the common man. It was probably called this because it supported the normal citizens, like farmers and middle class people. Thomas Jefferson was elected as the first president from the Democratic Party in 1800. Jefferson served as president for two terms for the Democratic Party. Following this, in 1848, the Democratic National Committee was formed by the National Convention. The Democratic National Committee exists, making it the longest standing political organization ever. The Democratic Party is recognized with serving the lower and middle classes by funding government programs such as Welfare and free or low cost medical insurance. This is an opposite belief of the Republican Party who believes in that no one should face a tax increase, especially the rich. Democratic parties typically rule large states such as New York and California. Since these are two states with a high number of electoral votes, the Democratic Party has an advantage in presidential elections, although despite that support, there have still been many Republican presidents voted into office.

Starbucks Strategic

Starbucks – Strategic Management Prowess Efficacy Today we stand witness to a new coffee era, one made up of Caffe Lattes, Espresso Macchiatos, Cappuccinos and Frappuccinos. Specialty Coffee is here to stay and no one will be more eager to tell you that than Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks, the world’s largest specialty coffee bar. In 1993, Starbucks continued its aggressive expansion and moved into the East Coast market by establishing a presence in Washington, D. C.This expansion has continued and today Starbucks operates more then 15,800 stores internationally and employs roughly 140,000 employees. It grosses 11. 7 billion in annual revenue and is opening 5 new stores every day. (Starbucks Corporation, 2011) Starbucks competes with players both within the specialty market and against those outside the specialty coffee market. Some examples of competitors within the specialty coffee market are Tully’s coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Peet’s Coffee, Caribou Coffee and other smaller chains.Those outside the specialty market include, Folgers, Proctor & Gamble, Dunkin Donuts, McDonalds and numerous other coffee serving establishments. Starbucks leverages its customer loyalty, premium quality coffee and the homey atmosphere of its stores to fend off competition. Specialty Coffee Industry Attractiveness The most attractive industry for any profit maximizing firm within a capitalistic society would be one in which they can have a pure monopoly. In economics this refers to situations in which one established firm can be the sole provider of a product or service in a particular market segment.This theory of monopoly would be one end of the industry attractiveness scale, while the other endpoint would be defined by the theory of perfect competition. This scale will help us to define the attractiveness of the specialty coffee industry in relation to these two extremes. The five forces analysis of the specialty coffee industry has allowe d us to identify some of the key structural characteristics of the main players in the industry, such as the buyers, suppliers, potential new entrants, potential substitutes and rivals within the industry.These key structural characteristics suggest that the forces exerted by these five players on the specialty coffee industry initially made it ideal for a situation to develop in which the industry structure was closer to the monopoly end point on the scale of attractiveness rather than the pure competition end point. The primary competition among rivals within the industry was not price oriented; the buyers of specialty coffee and the sellers of Arabica beans had little bargaining power at their disposal; and there existed no true substitutes for specialty coffee.The strongest force acting on the industry was that of the potential new entrants, which could be mitigated by a first mover firm if it was able to establish dominant brand recognition, successfully expand aggressively and create a defendable differentiated product. Therefore, placing the specialty coffee industry at its inception in the late 1980s on the scale defined above is now possible and it appears to reside closer to the monopoly end of the scale than perfect competition, making it a very desirable industry from the standpoint of a profit maximizing firm such as Starbucks.The second important factor influencing the attractiveness of an industry is the demographic makeup of the consumer base. The higher average American consumption of coffee per day, added to the attractiveness of the industry by providing an enormous pool of potential customers. These two factors also play a significant role in determining the attractiveness of the industry because they show that the average customer of the specialty coffee industry has more financial resources, education and consumes more coffee than the typical American.This implies a consumer base that is more flexible to price fluctuations and is less lik ely to fuel discounting among rival competitors, or a price war. Both Michael Porter's five forces analysis of the specialty coffee industry and the demographic makeup of the consumer base, then, suggest an extremely attractive industry with large growth potential in the late 1980s. The objective of any firm trying to dominate or monopolize the specialty coffee industry would be to create defendable sources of competitive advantage through the use of barriers to entry and a horizontal or organic hierarchy that could outpace competition in innovation.Results of the five forces analysis would suggest, given the unlikely prospect of a price war and the negative repercussions of one, that price superiority alone would be an ill-advised approach. Starbucks’ Success Factors First-mover advantage When Howard Shultz purchased the assets of Starbucks on August 18, 1987, he immediately set in motion an aggressive growth strategy targeted at the unique consumer base the specialty coffee industry attracted. Strategic expansion to eastChicago was chosen as the first major eastern expansion target because it presented enormous opportunities being located in the heartland of the two largest basic coffee companies in the United States. The first of these two companies was Folgers, part of the food and beverages division of Procter ; Gamble, and the second company was Maxwell House. California Expansion California simply represented a vast market with an ideal demographic makeup and open attitude toward high quality and innovative foods.Los Angeles was chosen to be the hub city in California given its status as a trendsetter and Hollywood's cultural ties to the rest of the country. The Catalog Another means Starbucks utilized to determine the most advantageous locations to open new stores was through their mail order catalog. This catalog gave customers the opportunity to order wholesale packaged Starbucks’ coffee beans from anywhere in the country. Employee Sati sfaction As Howard Schultz said in reference to his employees, â€Å"these people are not only the heart and soul but also the public face of the company.Every dollar earned passes through their hands. † Maintaining quality of Arabica beans In order to ensure that the quality of Arabica beans stayed at a consistently high level, Starbucks pursued strategies to secure their supply-chain. Environmental / Social Goodwill By collaborating publicly with Conservation International, Starbucks stands to increase their legitimacy with other NGOs; thus, reducing the risk of protests and the negative implications those protests would have on their brand image.This alliance also allowed Starbucks to attain economies of scale in regards to their ability to contribute positively to the community and the environment by tapping in to some of the expertise offered through Conservation international. The most important aspect of the strategic alliance with conservation international was the co llaborative development of C. A. F. E. practices (Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices). The primary goal of the C. A. F. E. practices was to enhance the coffee farmer’s quality of life and to ensure a long-term stream of high quality coffee.Capturing the concept of â€Å"The Third Place† Starbucks tries to offer a â€Å"third place†, where people can get away from the daily routines of their lives and enjoy a cup of coffee from Sumatra, Kenya or Costa Rica. Most importantly, it is a place that offers casual social interactions. Michael Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis The five variables responsible for the forces analyzed using this model are the industry suppliers, buyers, potential new entrants, substitute products and the competition among existing firms.The analysis will apply Porter's five forces model to the environment surrounding Starbucks today in order to develop an accurate understanding of the current specialty coffee industry. Industry Rivalry Starb ucks competes with a variety of smaller scale specialty coffee shops, mostly concentrated in different regions. All of these specialty coffee chains are differentiated from Starbucks in one way or another. Caribou Coffee is a specialty coffee chain that competes with Starbucks. Where Starbucks strives to create an upscale European atmosphere, Caribou coffee tries to implement a more American feel to their coffee houses.A Canadian-based company, A. L. Van Houtte, operates roughly 100 corporate outlets and franchises, serving nearly 3 million cups of coffee per day. As the original inspiration for Starbucks, Peet’s Coffee and Tea Company which originated in Berkeley, California still poses a serious competitive threat. In addition to these smaller scale specialty coffee companies, Starbucks must now compete against two of the largest companies in the fast food industry namely Dunkin Donuts, and McDonald's restaurant fast food chain. PASTE REST OF COMPETITOR LOGOSPotential for N ew Entrants The primary deterrents to entry in the specialty coffee industry are the various barriers to entry. The economies of scale within the specialty coffee industry have increased as the size of the top players has increased. There is numerous cost disadvantages imposed on new entrants that are independent of the economies of scale considerations. Product differentiation within the specialty coffee industry has moved towards more subjective traits such as the ambience of the store, the social responsibility of the company and brand identification.All of this makes it more difficult for new entrants to gain a solid customer base. Substitute Products The force created by substitute products in the specialty coffee industry has decreased. Supplier Bargaining Power This initiative was designed to. The fair trade coffee certification ensures that the coffee farmers would be compensated fairly for their crops. Their increased unity under this initiative worked as a positive externa lity by increasing their ability to exert bargaining power over their buyers, and this initiative is looked at by consumers in their decision of where to purchase their premium coffee.Bargaining Power of Buyers The primary buyers in the specialty coffee industry remain individual consumers, who neither engage in concerted behaviour nor individually purchase in large volumes relative to the total sales of a corporation such as Starbucks. The Specialty Coffee Industry Life Cycle: An Evolutionary Process Through the application of Michael Porter’s five forces model to the specialty coffee industry in which Starbucks currently competes, an understanding of the relative magnitude of each of the five competitive forces has been developed. Specialty Coffee Growth RateWhen analyzing the specialty coffee industry’s sales growth from 1990 to 2011, as illustrated in exhibit 1, we can see that the industry experienced enormous growth in total sales between 1998 and 2002. Using exh ibit 2, which depicts the generic stages of the industry lifecycle in a graphical format, we can compare the two and pose a hypothesis as to where the specialty coffee industry is in this life cycle. Namely, this comparison suggests that the specialty coffee industry is near the inflection point between the growth stage and the maturity stage in the industry lifecycle. Target Consumer SegmentWhen specialty coffee was first being produced, its target consumer segment was the upper income class. This can be seen in Exhibit 3, which shows a survey Starbucks conducted during the 1990s and highlights the high education and income of its average consumer. This specific customer segment has been nearly fully penetrated. Any additional growth will most likely come from those consumers with middle or lower incomes. Strategic Adaptation Strategies The first thing an organization must do to adapt to a changing lifecycle is to determine where the industry is in that lifecycle.From the assumptio ns made in this analysis, I have postulated that Starbucks and the specialty coffee industry in the United States is at the end of its growth stage and in the beginning of its mature stage. The buyer market will slowly become fully saturated and repeat buyers will become the primary constituents of the consumer base, with a stronger emphasis on discounting and less differentiation between brands. The next step is formulating a proper strategy to overcome the barriers, in the form of organizational inertia. This would involve developing a fundamental understanding of what the primary contributors to that inertia are.This in turn involves identifying the existing routines and capabilities, the hierarchy structure, along with the power structure and identifying the ingrained perceptions of the business from an outsider’s perspective. Competitive Advantage in a Mature Industry It is first important to determine how Starbucks should reorient their strategic focus, given the charac teristics of a mature industry. In the case of Starbucks, they should improve their capabilities in their distribution network and maintain their industry lead in low transportation costs. Starbucks, however, should not attempt to pursue cost advantage in low-cost inputs.In the specialty coffee industry, quality is determined in large part by the quality of the raw inputs, Arabica coffee beans, which are used during the brewing process. Starbucks also should not attempt to seek a cost advantage through their labor force. Undercutting these two inputs would place their brand reputation at risk, which would have a very detrimental effect on their profits. TO ADD: SWOT ANALYSIS + PORTER MODEL IN PICTORIAL FORM+ PESTEL ANALYSIS SOME MOER DIAGRAMS AND PICs Appendix: Starbuck global footprint Growth of Starbuck Stores over last 40 years

Behavior Intervention Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Behavior Intervention Plan - Essay Example The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is the largest international professional organization dedicated to improving the educational success of individuals with disabilities and/or gifts and talents. CEC advocates for appropriate governmental policies, sets professional standards, provides professional development, advocates for individuals with exceptionalities, and helps professionals obtain conditions and resources necessary for effective professional practice (CEC). Other than using communication techniques, educators should involved the students’ parents to help the barriers so that the child can learn effectively and comfortably. Knowing that they have their parents support, they learn with confidence from effective teaching due to the fact they feel like they have a comfort zone when family is around. When parents are involved, children feel that they have their acceptance to learn. It is apparent that some of the communication techniques can be used on children within educational intervention to break down some of the barriers. For example, prompting children for good behavior and using computers as a way to communicate with minority children can be extremely helpful until a proper way of communicating between the educator and student becomes establish, which they will feel comfortable with. Once a communication technique is established, it will become easier to understand one’s another way of thinking. Furthermore, educationa l intervention would be more accepting of diversity, which means no child will be left behind despite their differences. The PACER Center (Parent Advocacy Coalition for Educational Rights) is a statewide nonprofit parent center that for nearly twenty years has served parents of children with disabilities from birth through secondary school. Through Families and Schools Together (FAST) Forward, PACER is expanding its operations to include all parents. FAST Forward provides the following six

High Bypass Gas Turbine Engine Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

High Bypass Gas Turbine Engine - Coursework Example Application of Newton’s First Law related to thrust: # If thrust and Drag are equal, the aircraft maintains a constant speed. # If thrust is increased, the speed of aircraft increases. Since drag is proportional to speed, drag also increases till it equals thrust. When drag again equals thrust, the aircraft travels at constant higher speed. Application of Newton’s Second Law related to mass flow and exit velocity: Force Mass * Acceleration F ma F=kma When SI system is used,the basic unit of force is the Newton, which is the force that will accelerate unit mass of 1 kilogram at a rate of 1 metre per second per second. Under these conditions, the constant k is unity. Therefore, F=ma F=ma=m di/dt=(m/ft) dV=d (mV)/dt =mass flow rate times change in velocity =(mv)dot Where â€Å"m dot†=Mass flow rate is the amount of mass moving through a given plane over a given period of time. Mass flow rate=r * V * A where r is the density and V is the velocity of the fluid passing through area A. This is denoted as m dot (m with a little dot over the top) m dot= r * V * A If we denote exit of the turbojet by ‘e’ and free stream by ‘0’, then we get, F= (m dot*V)e-(m dot *V)0 Thus by maintaining the exit velocity at much greater values than the velocity at intake, high thrust can be produced in turbojet engines (High Exit Velocity). Application of Newton’s Third Law related to thrust: Thrust is the reaction force developed in the forward direction by accelerating a mass of fluid or gas backwards to the rear of the engine. The turboprop propulsion system consists of a core engine and a propeller. The general principles in Application of Newton’s First Law and Third Law in Turboprop engines are the same as given in Turbojet engine. Application of Newton’s Second Law related to mass flow and exit velocity in Turbo Prop: The general thrust equation is F= (m dot*V)e-(m dot *V)0 This means that if the exit velocity is m aintained at a higher value than free stream velocity, and simultaneously, the engine flow rate (m dot) is kept as high as possible, the high engine flow will produce a high thrust in a turboprop engine. Even though a large amount of air is ingested, the change in velocity is very minimal between the intake and the exit so that the exit velocity is at a low value (Low exit velocity). Due to the large value of m dot, a high thrust is developed. Total Thrust= Thrust of Propeller Thrust of Core If we denote the free stream conditions by â€Å"0†, the propeller exit conditions by â€Å"1†, core exit conditions by â€Å"e† and core entrance conditions by â€Å"c†, then from the basic thrust equation we get: F=(m dot)0 * V1 – (m dot)0 * V0 + (m dot)e * Ve – (m dot)c * V1 In Turboprop engine, the mass flow rate through the propeller is much greater than that of core engine(High mass flow ). The mass flow rate entering the core is almost equal to th e mass flow rate exiting the core. The exit velocity from the core is almost the same as inlet velocity into the core(Low exit velocity). Hence the thrust equation can be rounded off to get: Thrust F=(m dot)0 * (V1-V0) + (m dot)e * (Ve-V1) High Bypass Gas Turbine Engine: The 5 basic modules- Along with a Detailed Description of operation of each. Inlet Components and Purpose: The intake also called the inlet serves three purposes, namely (1) recovering as much of the total pressure of the free air stream required for combustion, from free-stream conditions to the conditions and deliver this pressure to the entrance of fan or compressor.